Review of directional liquid transport on surfaces with different structures

Directional liquid transport has many cutting-edge applications, such as fog collection, agricultural drip irrigation, biochemical microreactors, water harvesting, non-powered micro-drug delivery, thin-film lubrication etc. There are many surfaces or linear structures in the natural systems can occur directional transport of water. In this paper, two bionic structures inspired by natural structures and two artificially fabricated surface structures are presented and their flow laws and mechanical mechanisms are described. Thereby, it is analysed that surface-driven external forces, such as the gradient of surface energy and the gradient of Laplace pressure, and surface pinning in other directions are the key points to drive the directional flow of liquids.

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