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India’s pathway to net zero by 2070: status, challenges, and way forward

Vaibhav ChaturvediCouncil on Energy, Environment and Water, New Delhi 110070, IndiaArunabha GhoshCouncil on Energy, Environment and Water, New Delhi 110070, IndiaAmit GargIndian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, Vastrapur, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IndiaVidhee AvashiaIndian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, Vastrapur, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, IndiaSaritha Sudharmma VishwanathanKyoto University, Katsura Campus, Kyoto, JapanDipti GuptaIndian Institute of Management Lucknow, Noida campus, Sector 62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201307, IndiaNakul SinhaIndian Institute of Management Lucknow, Noida campus, Sector 62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201307, IndiaChandra BhushanInternational Forum for Environment, Sustainability and Technology (iFOREST), C - 902, 9th Floor, Urbtech Trade Centre, Sector - 132 Noida 201304, IndiaSrestha BanerjeeInternational Forum for Environment, Sustainability and Technology (iFOREST), C - 902, 9th Floor, Urbtech Trade Centre, Sector - 132 Noida 201304, IndiaDivya DattUnited Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), New Delhi, IndiaJuhi BansalUNFCCC-IGES Regional Collaboration Centre for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok, ThailandMinal PathakGlobal Centre for Environment and Energy, Ahmedabad University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, IndiaSubash DharUNEP Copenhagen Climate Centre, Marmorvej 51, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, DenmarkAjeet Kumar SinghIndia Habitat CentreNayeem KhanThe Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), India Habitat Centre, New Delhi, IndiaR. RashmiThe Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), India Habitat Centre, New Delhi, IndiaShalu AgrawalCouncil on Energy, Environment and Water, New Delhi 110070, IndiaDisha AgarwalCouncil on Energy, Environment and Water, New Delhi 110070, IndiaAnjali SinghCenter for Study of Science, Technology and Policy, Bengaluru 560094, Karnataka, IndiaN C ThirumalaiCenter for Study of Science, Technology and Policy, Bengaluru 560094, Karnataka, IndiaSiddharth SaxenaBritish Management University Tashkent, 35 Bobur Mirza Street, Tashkent, UzbekistanVikram VishalNational Centre of Excellence in Carbon Capture and Utilization, Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, IndiaUdayan SinghInstitute of Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States of AmericaDharik S. MallapragadaMIT Energy Initiative, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of AmericaRajiv Kumar ChaturvediDepartment of Humanities and Social Sciences, BITS Pilani K K Birla Goa Campus, Goa 403726, IndiaAditya Valiathan PillaiVibhuti GargInstitute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis (IEEFA), Lakewood, OH, United States of AmericaSantosh SinghIntellecap, 2nd Floor, Naman Center, C-31, G Block, Bandra Kurla Complex, Bandra East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400051, IndiaK. S. HariIntellecap, 2nd Floor, Naman Center, C-31, G Block, Bandra Kurla Complex, Bandra East, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400051, IndiaNandakumar JanardhananInstitute for Global Environmental Strategies, Hayama, Miura District, Kanagawa 240-0115, JapanEric ZusmanInstitute for Global Environmental Strategies, Hayama, Miura District, Kanagawa 240-0115, JapanDiptiranjan MahapatraIndian Institute of Management- Sambalpur, Sambalpur, IndiaShuva RahaCouncil on Energy, Environment and Water, New Delhi 110070, IndiaTulika GuptaCouncil on Energy, Environment and Water, New Delhi 110070, IndiaSumit PrasadCouncil on Energy, Environment and Water, New Delhi 110070, India

Environmental Research Lettersjournal2024en

ABI

Аннотация

Abstract The announcement of India’s 2070 net-zero target has demonstrated the power of a credible policy signal and changed the course of India’s climate debate. While the Government of India (GoI) has not specified whether this target refers to carbon-dioxide or all greenhouse gases, the announcement has been a watershed moment in India’s climate policy. From questions related to whether and at what pace should India decarbonize its economy, various actors in India are now aligned towards this target. An important contribution to inform India’s net-zero journey has come through various modelling assessments undertaken by India’s institutions and researchers. While a few economy-wide net-zero modelling assessments are available, a comprehensive and integrated picture woven collaboratively by India’s climate experts is conspicuously missing. It is critical to complement quantitative modelling-based assessments with insightful perspectives of experts on India’s climate policy. Together, modelling based quantitative assessments and insightful qualitative perspectives of climate experts would be an instrumental force that will ensure that the country achieves its net-zero target by understanding synergies and trade-offs, harnessing opportunities, and avoiding risks along the way. This collaborative article discusses various aspects of pathways towards India’s net-zero goal to address the gap in literature by looking at broad and inter-related dimensions of ‘national and sub-national perspectives’, ‘sectoral and technological transitions’ , and ‘enablers’ needed for India’s transition. While the larger net-zero debate relates to all greenhouse gases, we focus on carbon dioxide in our current effort. The assessment aims to inform not just India’s policy makers and stakeholders, but various researchers, practitioners and governments around the world for them to be better aware of the various aspects of India’s net-zero debate. It weaves the perspectives of experts from 24 institutions across the three broad dimensions to give a comprehensive view of a roadmap towards India’s net-zero future.

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Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies Indian Economic and Social Development Economic and Technological Innovation

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DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ad7749

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