CFD modelling of Darcian flow of water in porous media: Effects of sand grain size

This research addresses the challenges of flow dynamics in porous media by utilising Brinkman equations that describe the relationships between fluid dynamics, particle diameter, and inlet velocity. A systematic analysis of these factors is presented, with a focus on pressure gradients, friction factors, and detailed descriptions of flow characteristics under various conditions. The research uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to analyse the influence of particle size and inlet velocity on fluid flow through porous media. The Reynolds number is employed to illustrate how large pressure gradients are dependent on flow regimes, with transitional flow indicated by high Reynolds numbers. It was observed that an increase in inlet velocity results in a higher-pressure gradient due to increased resistance within the porous medium. As a consequence, the flow velocity decreases as the fluid progresses through the porous structure, highlighting the interaction between flow resistance and velocity distribution. Additionally, the findings reveal that particle diameter directly influences flow behaviour, with smaller particles causing higher friction factors and steeper pressure gradients at lower velocities. When the inlet velocity increases, the pressure gradient and friction factor improve, reflecting an increase in the fluid's resistance level. This work suggests that future research should explore the effects of fluid properties, such as viscosity and density, as well as the geometric configurations of porous media. The conclusions emphasize the importance of considering particle size and flow conditions in the design of porous media systems. The findings contribute to the understanding of fluid dynamics and the optimal design of porous structures, aiding in the development of more accurate and efficient models for engineering applications.

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