Impact of magnetized nanoparticle aggregation over a Riga plate with thermal radiation in water‐Al ₂ O ₃ based nanofluid flow

Abstract The nanoparticle (NP) volume fraction is a critical variable in fluid models, including the Brinkman, Einstein, and Maxwell designs. The temperature does not affect the nanofluid's normalized shear viscosity. The aggregation model elucidates such traits. Furthermore, the experimental results show a larger increase in the thermal conductivity of nano liquids than the values obtained using standard fluid models. The impact of nanoparticle aggregation (NPAgs) is ignored, which contributes to the disparity. Therefore, it is essential to study the thermal conductivity ratio while considering the kinematics of NPAgs. Therefore, the radiation impact is investigated here by examining NPAgs on the Riga surface in the context of a porous media. The circulation and temperature governing equations are transformed using suitable similarity variables into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg 4‐5 order (RKF‐45) and shooting method is used to simplify the resulting equations numerically. The graphic representation illustrates the influence of many non‐dimensional factors on significant physical quantities. The velocity of the nanofluid has a positive correlation with the modified Hartmann number, whereas it demonstrates a negative correlation with the porosity parameter. A better thermal distribution occurs with higher levels of radiation constraint. The inclusion of a higher solid volume percentage results in a decrease in the velocity profile while concurrently improving the thermal distribution. It is worth noting that NPs that exhibit aggregation have a more prominent thermal distribution than those that do not aggregate, results in greater rate of thermal distribution in the former scenario. The present investigation outcomes will useful in advanced cooling systems, improving energy efficiency, material, environmental and biomedical engineering.

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