OVERLAP SYNDROME OF ASTHMA AND COPD: CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND IMPLICATIONS

Introduction. The overlap of bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a significant challenge in public health due to its high prevalence, severe impact on patient quality of life, and the complexity of diagnosis and treatment. Understanding the clinical features and complications of this overlap can aid in improving patient outcomes and developing targeted therapeutic strategies. Bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are widespread global diseases characterized by airway obstruction, which is highly variable in BA and partially reversible and/or irreversible in COPD. The presence of signs of both pathologies in some patients has served as a basis for the isolation of a separate condition - the syndrome of crossing of AD and COPD (SPBAH) [1]. In patients with previously diagnosed AD, SPBAH is diagnosed in 29% of cases in the presence of chronic bronchitis and/or deterioration of diffusion capacity of lungs by carbon monoxide [2]. The prevalence of SPBAH in COPD patients varies depending on the diagnostic criteria from 2.1 to 55% [3]. Patients with AD and COPD cross syndrome are characterized by frequent exacerbations, low quality of life, rapid deterioration of external respiratory function and high mortality [4, 5, 6]. This category of patients is characterized by a high frequency of emergency care and frequent hospitalization in intensive care units. In addition, health care costs for these patients are almost twice as high as for AD patients. Unfavorable dynamics of morbidity and severe forms of BA and COPD cross syndrome, unresolved situation with its differential diagnosis, resistance to therapy, and increased mortality determine its medical and social significance.

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