Integrated Approach to the Diagnosis and Prevention of Varicose Veins in Pregnant Women

The study aimed to identify key diagnostic and preventive measures to reduce the risk of complications of varicose veins in pregnant women, such as thrombosis and inflammatory processes in the veins. The study involved 300 women from Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan who were observed at perinatal centres in Samarkand Oblast and Bishkek. Diagnostic methods included ultrasound duplex scanning of the veins of the lower extremities and laboratory tests (D-dimer, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein) to assess the risk of thrombosis and inflammation. A sample of 70% of women from Uzbekistan and 72% from Kyrgyzstan had elevated levels of D-dimer and 75% and 78% respectively—fibrinogen, indicating a high risk of thrombosis, especially in the third trimester. Ultrasound scans revealed venous valve disorders in 65% of women from Uzbekistan and 68% from Kyrgyzstan, varicose veins in 50% and 52%, and signs of thrombosis in 20% of both groups. In 40% and 44% of patients, respectively, the level of C-reactive protein was elevated, indicating inflammatory processes. Women who used compression garments from the first-trimester experience complications such as swelling, pain and heaviness in the legs less frequently. The findings underscore the importance of early diagnosis, monitoring of blood clotting and inflammatory markers, and adaptation of national protocols to climate factors. In the highlands of Kyrgyzstan, the risk of thrombosis is higher, which requires additional preventive measures, including more active use of compression therapy and anticoagulants in patients at risk.

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