Selection of Geometric Parameters of Indenters that Provide Sufficient Sensitivity to Changes in Characteristics in the Volume of Material

This study investigates the selection of geometric parameters for indenters to ensure sufficient sensitivity in assessing the physical and mechanical properties of cast iron under dynamic loads. The research focuses on optimizing indenter dimensions (diameter, shape) and impact energy to achieve measurable plastic imprints while accounting for material heterogeneity, particularly graphite inclusions. Analytical and experimental approaches were used to evaluate the relationship between indenter geometry, deformation rates, and imprint characteristics. Results indicate that a spherical indenter with a diameter of 1.2 mm, mass of 5 g, and impact velocity of 3 m/s optimally balances imprint size (450–500 μm) and depth (50–120 μm) across cast iron hardness ranges (100–500 HBW). The findings highlight the importance of maintaining complete plasticity during indentation to minimize surface preparation effects and ensure reliable nondestructive testing. This work contributes to improved methodologies for dynamic hardness testing in industrial applications, particularly for high-strength cast irons

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