Fuzzy Adaptation of Pid Controller in Water Supply and Heating Control Systems

The paper proposes an approach to adapting PID controller parameters based on fuzzy logic to improve control efficiency in water supply systems with variable operating conditions. The main attention is paid to the shortcomings of classical PID controllers associated with their rigidly specified coefficients, which reduce the stability and accuracy of regulation in the presence of noise, delays and nonlinear characteristics of the object. To eliminate these limitations, an adaptation mechanism based on the Mamdani fuzzy inference system has been developed, which allows dynamically adjusting the PID coefficients depending on the current error and its derivative. The algorithm is implemented on an ESP32 microcontroller and tested on a real system with temperature and water level control in a storage tank. The obtained experimental data confirmed that the use of fuzzy adaptation provides higher control accuracy, a reduction in the transient process time, a decrease in integral errors (IAE, ISE, ITAE) and the complete elimination of steady-state deviations. The proposed method does not require manual tuning and can be applied in systems with limited computing resources, demonstrating high stability to external disturbances.

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