Histological Aspects of the Use of Biological Dressings in Combustiology

Background : Currently, burn treatment remains highly relevant and complex issue in modern medicine due to the widespread prevalence of burn injuries. According to the World Health Organization, burn injuries rank second to third among all types of injuries worldwide. In the Russian Federation, burns account for approximately 3-4% of all injuries. Objective : To analyze the histomorphological features of the wound healing process when using biological wound dressings. Materials and Methods : This study analyzed the wound healing process at the tissue level in 14 patients who required early surgical treatment. Inclusion criteria were the presence of borderline or deep burn wounds requiring necrectomy, age between 18 to 45 years, and wound surface area of 2% to 12%. Exclusion criteria included patients admitted more than 5 days after the burn injury or those with a wound area exceeding 15%. Results : The study demonstrated the advantages of biological wound dressings compared to synthetic ones in the treatment of burn wounds. Histomorphological analysis revealed differences in tissue response with and without the use of such dressings. Biological wound dressings, such as “ChitoPran”, promote the formation of multilayered keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium and the proliferation of the dermal layer. Particularly important is the stimulation of loose connective tissue formation at the base of the wound, which contributes to more effective wound healing. Conclusions : Histological analysis confirms that the use of biological wound dressings in the treatment of borderline and deep burns contributes to creation of optimal conditions for wound healing. This leads to a reduction in hospital bed-days, a decrease in the number of dressings changes and, consequently, a reduction in economic costs.

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