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Assessing the prevalence, determinants, and health impact of substance use among university students in Bangladesh

Masom MiaDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh. [email protected]M.Q. IslamDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, BangladeshMosharef HossainDepartment of Environmental Science, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO, USAMd. Saifur RahmanDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, BangladeshTafajjal IslamDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh. [email protected]Md. Muzahid IslamDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, BangladeshZamira AtamuratovaDepartment of Pedagogy and Psychology, Urgench State University, Urgench, UzbekistanValisher Sapayev Odilbek UgluGeneral professional science, Mamun University, Khiva, UzbekistanKholbek ShermatovDepartment of Medicine, Termez University of Economics and Service, Termez, Uzbekistan

BMC Public Healthjournal2025en

ABI

Аннотация

BACKGROUND: Substance use is a pressing and rapidly escalating concern among university students, particularly in low-resource settings like Bangladesh where comprehensive data is scarce. This study was conducted with a sense of urgency to investigate the prevalence and determinants of substance use, as well as its associated health burdens, among university students in Bangladesh. METHODS: This was a rigorous cross-sectional study conducted from 26 May to 31 July 2025. A total of 509 students (mean age = 22.4 years) from four randomly selected public universities were recruited using a multistage random sampling technique. A comprehensive semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographics, lifestyle factors, health indicators, and substance use. Binary logistic regression models were employed to identify determinants and assess associations with health outcomes, ensuring a thorough and reliable methodology. RESULTS: The current, past-year, and lifetime prevalence of substance use were 16.1% (95% CI: 12.9%-19.3%, 19.6% (95% CI: 16.2%-23.1%), and 25.1% (95% CI: 21.3%-28.9%), respectively, with higher rates among males compared to female students (20.0% vs. 6.7%). Seven determinants were identified in the logistic regression: (i) age ((aOR = 3.157; 95% CI: 1.136-8.774; p < 0.05), (ii) family history of substance use (aOR = 5.834; 95% CI: 2.802-12.146; p < 0.01), (iii) having substance-using friends (aOR = 2.199; 95% CI: 1.005-4.811; p < 0.05), (iv) family income (aOR = 2.840 95% CI: 1.050-7.683; p < 0.05), (v) physical inactivity (aOR = 0.184; 95% CI: 0.059-0.576; p < 0.01) & (aOR = 0.256; 95% CI: 0.099-0.661; p < 0.01), (vi) eating habits (aOR = 3.703; 95% CI: 1.866-7.348;p < 0.01), and (vii) sleep disturbances (aOR = 15.935; 95% CI: 6.410-39.614; p < 0.01). Substance use was significantly associated with increased odds of poor self-rated health (aOR = 5.71; 95% CI: 1.29-25.29), hypertension (aOR = 2.95; 95% CI: 1.11-7.84), depression (aOR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.06-5.14), and stress (aOR = 3.00; 95% CI: 1.29-6.94). CONCLUSION: These findings have the potential to significantly shape public health policies and student-focused programs aimed at reducing substance use and its related health burdens. They underscore the need for targeted prevention, psychosocial support, and campus-based initiatives, thereby highlighting the practical relevance and importance of the research.

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Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes Youth, Drugs, and Violence Smoking Behavior and Cessation

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DOI: 10.1186/s12889-025-25695-5

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