Heart signal analysis based on optical biosensors: integrating AI technology into human health monitoring

This scientific article reviews optical sensors used in cardiac monitoring — Photoplethysmography (PPG) and Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) technologies, as well as their integration with artificial intelligence (AI) models. PPG and FBG sensors allow for non-invasive detection of heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiac anomalies. AI models, in particular CNN, LSTM, Transformer, and Explainable AI approaches, provide high accuracy, energy efficiency, and real-time processing capabilities for detecting complex patterns in cardiac signals. The article analyzes the existing scientific literature and compares technologies, highlights problems and solutions. It also shows the prospects for future health monitoring systems based on these technologies.

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