Designing an optimal photonic crystal fabric structure using FDTD and evolutionary algorithms for visible light applications

This paper presents an integrated computational framework for the inverse design of a two-dimensional photonic crystal fabric structure optimized for visible light applications. By combining a Genetic Algorithm (GA) with Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) electromagnetic simulations, an optimal square lattice structure composed of TiO₂ rods in a SiO₂ matrix was designed to achieve a maximal photonic band gap (PBG) within the 500–600 nm wavelength range. The optimized parameters, a lattice constant of 415 nm and a rod diameter of 175 nm, yielded a PBG width of 64 nm. The study further addresses the practical challenges of textile integration by proposing a bundle-based weaving strategy using advanced loom technologies. This work provides a foundational blueprint for manufacturing high-performance, optically functional smart textiles with applications in structural coloring and selective thermal management.

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