THE ROLE OF THE TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT IN THE TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS OF BREAST CANCER

Breast cancer represents a multifactorial and heterogeneous malignancy whose biological behavior and clinical outcomes are influenced by both intrinsic tumor cell properties and extrinsic factors. In recent decades, increasing attention has been focused on the tumor microenvironment (TME) as a critical regulator of tumor initiation, progression, therapeutic response, and prognosis. The tumor microenvironment comprises a complex network of immune cells, stromal fibroblasts, endothelial cells, extracellular matrix components, and soluble signaling molecules that dynamically interact with malignant cells. The present study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the role of tumor microenvironment characteristics in determining treatment response and prognostic outcomes in breast cancer patients. A retrospective clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analysis was conducted at the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Oncology and Radiology, Khorezm Branch. The study demonstrated that variations in immune infiltration, stromal composition, and angiogenic activity significantly influence therapeutic efficacy and disease progression. These findings underscore the importance of tumor microenvironment assessment as an integral component of personalized breast cancer management and prognostic stratification.

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