THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF EPITHELIAL-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF PERIODONTITIS

Resume. The increasing prevalence of gingivitis and periodontitis globally has resulted in the emergence of inflammatory periodontal diseases as a significant aspect of modern dentistry. This study analyzes academic literature to ascertain the relationship between the onset of inflammatory periodontal diseases and the increased permeability of the gingival sulcus epithelium. Research on the characteristics of the interaction between the epithelial barrier and oral bacteria is receiving particular focus. Scholarly papers from eLIBRARY, Google Search, and PubMed were analyzed as part of the study. More than 100 publications discussing various aspects of the topic under investigation were identified between 2024 and 2025. After a thorough selection process, 60 works—comprising reviews and experimental studies (both in vitro and in vivo)—were included into the review. The data from these papers constituted the foundation for the subsequent results. The increasing body of evidence suggests a link between the control of innate and adaptive immunity and disruptions in mucous membrane microbiota. Beneficial bacteria may directly counteract infections that disrupt the barrier's function or enhance the body's antimicrobial defenses via the immune system. This process entails the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, when epithelial cells relinquish their original characteristics and acquire new ones. A periodontal pocket may develop due to these changes, potentially weakening the basement membrane and undermining the integrity of the epithelial barrier. Hazardous germs may penetrate the tissues of the oral cavity due to this disruption. Intercellular connections and tight junctions are essential for preserving cellular stability and normal function. Keywords: Periodontitis, inflammatory periodontal disorders, epithelial barrier permeability, oral microbiota, tight junction protein complexes, gingival crevicular fluid.

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