The Safavid State: An Investigation of Its Origins, the Shi'ization of Iran, and the Role of the Qizilbash

This research investigates the origins of the Safavid leadership, focusing on Sheikh Safi al-Din Ardabili and Shah Ismail Hatayi, their ethnic and cultural identities, the role of the Qizilbash, and the process of Shi’ization in Iran. The study examines historical sources and poetry to analyze evidence regarding the Turkmen background of the Safavid leadership. It also considers different scholarly perspectives on the Safavid ethnicity, including Turkish/Turkmen and Kurdish viewpoints, and evaluates the role of the Qizilbash in the political, military, and religious consolidation of the Safavid state. This work aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the Safavid phenomenon as both a political and socio-cultural development in early modern Iran.

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