TUMOR-ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGES (TAMS) AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the most abundant immune cell populations in the tumor microenvironment (TME). By interacting with tumor and stromal cells, TAMs promote angiogenesis, suppress adaptive immunity, and facilitate metastasis. Most TAMs resemble the M2-like phenotype, secreting immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic factors such as IL-10, TGF-β, and VEGF. Their functional reprogramming has been recognized as a promising target in cancer immunotherapy.

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