Early Stages Of Faсade Formation In Central Asian Architecture: Antiquity And The Early Middle Ages (4th Century BCE – 10th Century Ce)

This study examines the early stages of facade formation in Central Asian architecture from the X–III millennia BC to the III–VII centuries AD. Based on archaeological and architectural analysis of key sites such as Gonur-Depe, Altyn-Depe, Afrasiab, Toprak-Kala, and Varakhsha, the research identifies stable principles of monumentality, frontality, rhythmic articulation, and hierarchical composition. These early facade patterns formed the foundation for the subsequent development of regional architectural traditions in Central Asia.

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