Geoinformation analysis of soil sealing in Kazan

The article considers the problem of soil sealing in the city of Kazan. Today, the capital of Tatarstan, which is a large dynamically developing agglomeration with high construction rates, experiences significant anthropogenic load. The authors calculated a comprehensive index of soil cover sealing in the city’s administrative districts based on an analysis of indicators of building density, the area of individual residential construction territories and green zones. The territories characterized by maximum values of the indicator, requiring effective planning decisions and special attention from urban development structures, were identified. The most alarming situation was recorded in the Novo-Savinovsky district of the city, where very dense development and a minimum share of green zones were identified. Using the method of decoding space images and calculating the vegetation index Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), the degree of soil sealing in the historic city center with dense development (Vakhitovsky District) and in the area of new intensive construction (Sovetsky District) was assessed, followed by visualization of the results on geoinformation maps. Analysis of the SAVI index values, varying in the range from -1 to 1, made it possible to identify areas with minimal vegetation (presumably sealed). Based on the constructed maps, the authors estimated the spatial differentiation of the soil sealing indicator in the context of the territories of the studied areas and drew a conclusion about the nature of the current situation. Using geoinformation analysis tools, the shares of sealed surfaces in the total area of districts were calculated. For the Vakhitovsky district, the value of the indicator was more than 70 %, which indicates a rather tense situation requiring the adoption of a set of effective urban development measures. In the Sovetsky district, a relatively favorable situation was recorded, characterized by a moderate share of sealed surfaces (less than 50 %).

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