Charged Particle Dynamics, Electric Penrose Process, and Collisions in Einstein-Born-Infeld Black Holes

In this study, we investigate the dynamics of charged test particles and high-energy processes in the spacetime of a static, spherically symmetric Einstein–Born–Infeld black hole. Using an analytic form of the metric that incorporates leading nonlinear electrodynamic corrections, we analyze the effective potential, circular orbits, and the emergence of negative-energy states. Special attention is given to the electric Penrose process, in which energy extraction occurs through particle decay near the event horizon. We derive the maximal extractable energy and evaluate how the efficiency depends on the black hole charge, the Born–Infeld parameter, and the ionization radius. We also examine collisions of charged particles in the near-horizon region and show that the Bañados–Silk–West mechanism remains viable in the Einstein–Born–Infeld background. Our results demonstrate that nonlinear electrodynamic effects modify the critical angular momentum and the center-of-mass energy of collisions, acting as a regulator that may suppress or enhance ultra-high-energy phenomena. These findings clarify the role of Born–Infeld nonlinearity in particle acceleration and energy extraction near charged black holes.

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