Black-Start Strategy for Grid-Connected Microgrid Based on ESS-PV-Load Power Balance Control

With the high penetration of renewable energy, the vulnerability of DS (Distribution Station) under extreme disasters has become increasingly prominent. Although equipping ESS (Energy Storage System) can provide regulation capacity for DS integrated with renewable energy, significant challenges remain during black start, such as limited ESS capacity and the dynamic matching between response characteristics for PV (Photovoltaic) and load. Furthermore, the coordination mechanism among PV, ESS, and load is still underdeveloped, and the lack of effective coordinated control strategies results in low renewable energy utilization, slow power supply recovery, and insufficient operational resilience. Based on this, this paper proposes a microgrid structure with coordinated control of PV, ESS, and load. After the DS is disconnected from the distribution transformer, ESS supports voltage and frequency during the initial black start phase. PV adjusts its active power operation mode based on the SOC (State of Charge) of the ESS and the load demand. This prioritizes the consumption of renewable energy while preventing power backflow, which could lead to overcharging of the ESS. This approach can achieve efficient coordination among the ESS, PV, and load. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively enhance the self-recovery capability of the DS and the utilization rate of renewable energy, providing a feasible solution for the resilience improvement of DS.

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