Pyroduct: The First Realistic and Parametric Lava Tube Generator for Earth, Moon, and Mars

Pyroduct (currently version 2.0) is a first-of-it-kind fully parametric lava tube generator that allows the user to easily produce realistic lava tube 3D models, using as an input a database of more than 90 terrestrial lava tube data, coming from 8 different regions of the World. Countries: Italy, Spain (Canary Islands), Portugal (Azores), United States (Oregon, New-Mexico, Hawaii), Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Japan and Australia The software has been developed as an easily installable plug-in for "Grasshopper", Rhinoceros 3D's Visual Programming Language. Inside of the downloadable .rar files, two folders are contained: User Objects: the folder contains all the files to install Pyroduct on your computer.To do so, please follow these instructions: 1) Initialize Rhinoceros and start Grasshopper;2) Open the "User Objects" folder and copy all the files inside;3) In Grasshopper, go to File > Special Folders > User Object Folder.4) Paste the copied files into this directory.5) Pyroduct should now be installed in Grasshopper, without needing to restart Rhinoceros. Note: If this doesn’t work, ensure the files aren’t locked. To check this, right-click a file, select Properties, and confirm there is no active safety lock. Example files: in this folder it is possible to find a couple of example files that can be used in order to grasp the fundamentals of Pyroduct components and functions, along with detailed information.To open these example files, either drag them on the Grasshopper canvas, or go to File > Open Document and click on the example file you would like to open.Recommended citations:When using Pyroduct in your works, we recommend you to reference to the following publications:1) Romio, F. A. P. e Lobosco, G. (2025) «Pyroduct: a Parametric Lava Tube Generator (Grasshopper Plug-in)». Zenodo. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.14604787.2) Romio, F. A. P. e Lobosco, G. (2024) «Pyroduct Digital Catalog». Zenodo. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.14535886.3) Romio, F. A. P., Lobosco, G., Sauro, F., Pozzobon, R., & Marraffa, A. (2024, October 18). Pyroduct: a parametric tool for generating realistic 3D models of lunar and Martian lava tubes. 75th International Astronautical Congress, Milan, Italy. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14620347.Note:This plug-in uses a dataset of > 1000 cross-sections of terrestrial lava tubes, which the authors have digitalized from existing literature, available separately. The dataset is published under the Creative Commons BY 4.0 license. For more information and to access the dataset, visit: 10.5281/zenodo.14535886. What is new in version 2.0 (Release Notes): 1. Pyroduct Digital Catalog Component a) New surveys have been added to the catalog, including three new LiDAR datasets from Grotta di Monte Intraleo, Ship Cave, and Skull Cave.b) The Planetary Body input now offers additional options: Terrestrial, Martian (overcrusted and inflated), Lunar scale, and a fully customizable setting.The new Custom option lets you define your own width domain for remapping the selected cross-section, giving users much greater freedom in configuring the desired simulation.c) Visualization has been improved: when scaling the cross-sections or switching between planetary body settings, the table and its text (survey name, authors, and date) now scale accordingly. For details regarding the difference between overcrusted and inflated lava tubes, see:Sauro, F., Pozzobon, R., Massironi, M., de Berardinis, P., Santagata, T., & de Waele, J. (2020). Lava tubes on Earth, Moon and Mars: A review on their size and morphology revealed by comparative planetology. Earth-Science Reviews, 209, 103288. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.EARSCIREV.2020.103288 2. Pyroduct Catalog Index The Catalog Index has been simplified, and the new LiDAR entries have been added (see point 1a above). 3. Pyroduct Location Tools The value lists inside the component have been updated:– The first list, containing all catalog lava tube names, now includes the new entries.– The second list has been updated with the new Planetary Body options (Martian overcrusted, Martian inflated, Custom) (see point 1b). 4. Pyroduct Path Scaler The component now allows the Planetary Body input to be set to Custom, enabling users to apply their own scaling factor through the Scale Factor input. 5. Pyroduct Generator The Pyroduct Generator has been significantly upgraded: a) As in the other components, the Planetary Body input now includes Terrestrial, Mars (overcrusted and inflated), Moon, and Custom options.b) Users can now choose whether to generate synthetic interpolated cross-sections between real ones by setting the Interpolations input to True or False.c) Users may also specify the number of interpolations to generate between real cross-sections.d) When using the Custom option, users can control the Domain Min. and Domain Max. inputs to define the desired remapping range.e) The output surface can now be refined to any desired level of detail (LOD) via the Rebuild Surface input (lower values = lower resolution, higher values = higher resolution). 6. Pyroduct Sections Importer This new component lets users import their own cross-sections to build lava tubes with the Pyroduct Generator.The input curves may already be placed on the XY plane (fast), or at any position/orientation in 3D space (slower; may take seconds or a few minutes depending on the number of curves). Required inputs: cross-sections: the list of curves to import.– base_point: the point where the table of imported cross-sections will be displayed.– n_columns: desired number of columns in the table.– complexity: the level of detail for resampling the curves.– tolerance: if the curves are open, adjust this value depending on the size of the gap (e.g., if the opening is 1 m, set tolerance > 1). The component outputs curves ready for use with the Pyroduct Generator, with properly aligned seams. 7. Pyroduct Catalog .txt Exporter This new component allows users to export Pyroduct Sections—either from the Catalog or from custom imported ones—into .txt files. Inputs: – folder_name: string defining the desired folder name.– cross_sections: list of curves to export.– save_path: directory where the .txt files will be saved.

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