Obesity rise plateaus in developed nations and accelerates in developing nations
Bin ZhouImperial College London, London, UKNowell H PhelpsJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USAAgnese GaleazziImperial College London, London, UKOlivia N. O’DriscollJames E. BennettImperial College London, London, UKLakshya JainImperial College London, London, UKYse D'Ailhaud De BrisisImperial College London, London, UKAna Barradas‐PiresImperial College London, London, UKFulvio DeoImperial College London, London, UKGretchen A. StevensWorld Health Organization, Geneva, SwitzerlandVasilis KontisImperial College London, London, UKChristopher J. PaciorekUniversity of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USARodrigo M. Carrillo-LarcoEmory University, Atlanta, GA, USAAnu MishraBill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA范晔峰Imperial College London, London, UKAndrea Rodriguez‐MartinezImperial College London, London, UKVishwa NathImperial College London, London, UKA. RaynerImperial College London, London, UKAnnalise ZoueinImperial College London, London, UKNatalie EvansUniversity of Essex, Colchester, UKJennifer L. BakerCopenhagen University Hospital — Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, DenmarkGünther FinkSwiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, SwitzerlandMaroje SorićUniversity of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaCarlos A. Aguilar‐SalinasInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Mexico City, MexicoRanjit Mohan AnjanaMadras Diabetes Research Foundation, Chennai, IndiaZulfiqar A BhuttaThe Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanPascal BovetMinistry of Health, Victoria, SeychellesGoodarz DanaeiHarvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USAKairat DavletovAsfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, KazakhstanShubash GanapathyNational Institute of Health, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaEdward W. GreggImperial College London, London, UKNayu IkedaNational Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, JapanAndré Pascal KengneAfrican Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, KenyaYoung‐Ho KhangSeoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of KoreaK KhuntiUniversity of Leicester, Leicester, UKTiina LaatikainenFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FinlandAvula LaxmaiahICMR — National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, IndiaLee‐Ling LimUniversity of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaH Y LinNational Taiwan University, Taipei, TaiwanJ MbanyaUniversity of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, CameroonJ Jaime MirandaUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaAnja SchienkiewitzRobert Koch Institute, Berlin, GermanySylvain SebertUniversity of Oulu, Oulu, FinlandNamuna ShresthaYi SongPeking University, Beijing, ChinaLuis Adrián Soto-MotaInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Mexico City, MexicoGregor StarcUniversity of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaL L WangChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, ChinaNovie O. Younger-ColemanThe University of the West Indies, Kingston, JamaicaFrancesco ZaccardiUniversity of Leicester, Leicester, UKJulie AarestrupCopenhagen University Hospital — Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, DenmarkLeandra Abarca-GómezCaja Costarricense de Seguro Social, San José, Costa RicaMohsen Abbasi‐KangevariNon-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran, IranZiad AbdeenAl-Quds University, East Jerusalem, PalestineShynar AbdrakhmanovaS Kairbekova National Research Center for Health Development, Astana, KazakhstanSuhaila Abdul GhaffarMinistry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaHanan F. Abdul RahimQatar University, Doha, QatarZulfiya AbdurahmnovaNiveen M. Abu-RmeilehBirzeit University, Birzeit, PalestineJamila Abubakar GarbaUsmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, NigeriaBenjamín Acosta-CázaresInstituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, MexicoIshag AdamQassim University, Unaizah, Saudi ArabiaMarzena AdamczykRehaKlinika, Rzeszów, PolandRobert J. AdamsFlinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, AustraliaSeth Adu-AfarwuahUniversity of Ghana, Accra, GhanaWichai AekplakornMahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, ThailandTin AfifahNational Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, IndonesiaKaosar AfsanaShoaib AfzalCopenhagen University Hospital — Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, DenmarkImelda A. AgdeppaFood and Nutrition Research Institute, Taguig, PhilippinesJavad Aghazadeh-AttariUrmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, IranÅsa ÅgrenUmeå University, Umeå, SwedenHassan AguenaouIbn Tofail University, Kénitra, MoroccoCharles AgyemangAmsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The NetherlandsMohamad Hasnan AhmadMinistry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaNoor Ani AhmadMinistry of Health, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaAli AhmadiShahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, IranNaser AhmadiNon-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran, IranNastaran AhmadiNon-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran, IranImran AhmedThe Aga Khan University, Karachi, PakistanSoheir H. AhmedUniversity of Hargeisa, Hargeisa, SomaliaWolfgang AhrensLeibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology — BIPS, Bremen, GermanyGulmira AitmurzaevaRepublican Center for Health Promotion and Mass Communication, Bishkek, KyrgyzstanKamel AjlouniДилором АхмедоваTashkent Pediatric Medical Institute, Tashkent, UzbekistanNilufar AkhmedovaTashkent Pediatric Medical Institute, Tashkent, UzbekistanNasser Al-DaghriKing Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaSarah F. Al-HamliKuwait Institute for Scientific Research, Kuwait City, KuwaitHazzaa M. Al-HazzaaPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaHalima Al-HinaiMinistry of Health, Muscat, OmanJawad A. Al-LawatiMinistry of Health, Muscat, OmanRajaa Al‐RaddadiKing Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi ArabiaIslam K. Al-ShamiThe Hashemite University, Zarqa, JordanDeena Al AsfoorWorld Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo, EgyptHuda M. Al HouraniThe Hashemite University, Zarqa, JordanNawal M. Al QaoudMinistry of Health, Kuwait City, KuwaitMonira AlaroujDasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, KuwaitFadia AlBuhairanShahla AlDhukairKing Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaM. AldwairjiMinistry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Аннотация
and lacks a granular and systematic analysis of its dynamics. We used 4,050 population-based studies with measured height and weight data on 232 million participants to assess the worldwide dynamics of obesity from 1980 to 2024. The rise in obesity decelerated in school-aged children and adolescents throughout the 1990s in many high-income countries, and subsequently plateaued in most at age-standardized prevalences spanning 20 percentage points, from 3-4% for girls in Japan, Denmark and France to 23% for boys in the USA. There were indications of a small decline in obesity in children and adolescents in some high-income western countries (for example, Italy, Portugal and France) since the 2000s. Similar trends were seen in some countries in Central and Eastern Europe. In adults, the rise in obesity slowed down in high-income western countries about a decade after children, followed by a plateau or possibly a small reversal of the rise in some countries (for example, Spain). In most low-income and middle-income countries, the annual absolute change in prevalence has remained stable or increased over time, even though prevalence has surpassed that of high-income countries. These highly varied dynamics suggest that the social, economic and technological trends that influence the availability, affordability and use of different foods may have helped control the rise in obesity in high-income countries, but require policy interventions in low-income and middle-income countries.
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