The Separation of a CO2 and H2S Mixture

The separation and purification of carbon dioxide (CO2) from sour gas streams is critical for emission reduction and industrial reuse. This study presents a chemical absorption-based process simulation of CO2 (carbon dioxide) and H2S (hydrogen sulfide) separation using Aspen Plus V12.0, focusing on solvent-based treatment using an aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA) system selected based on industrial applicability and regeneration performance. The process was modeled for two gas streams originating from the Shurtan Gas Chemical Complex: a raw feed stream containing 3.42% CO2 and 0.09% H2S, and a treated dry gas containing 2.1% CO2. The goal was to achieve high-purity CO2 recovery (≥99.5%) with flow rates of 30 t/h and 20 t/h, respectively. Rate-based modeling was employed to simulate mass transfer and chemical kinetics in the absorber and regenerator columns. The simulation results indicated that at optimal solvent flow and absorber temperature (40–45 °C), over 98.6% CO2 and 99.9% H2S removal could be achieved. The specific energy requirement for solvent regeneration was estimated at 2.3 GJ per ton of CO2, aligning with industrial efficiency benchmarks. The purified CO2 is intended for use in the production of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) at the Dehkanabad Potash Plant, which converts 20 t/h of CO2 into 296,000 tons/year of calcined soda with 77% process efficiency. This approach enhances gas resource utilization while reducing atmospheric emissions. The model serves as a techno-economically viable foundation for scaling up CO2 capture and utilization (CCU) in the Uzbek chemical industry.

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