Extralinguistic, Interlinguistic, And Intralinguistic Features Of Neologisms (With Evidence From Uzbek Digital Discourse)

This article examines neologisms through a three-dimensional lens that distinguishes extralinguistic, interlinguistic, and intralinguistic forces shaping lexical innovation. Building on the observation that new words and new meanings emerge not only from internal word-formation mechanisms but also from societal change and cross-linguistic contact, the study proposes a typology aligning (1) semantic neologisms with extralinguistic triggers (e.g., technological “reframing” of existing meanings), (2) lexical neologisms with interlinguistic transfer (borrowings and loan translations), and (3) lexico-grammatical neologisms with intralinguistic productivity (hybrid constructions and derivational patterns). The analysis foregrounds Uzbek digital discourse as a particularly productive environment for neologism formation, illustrating how borrowed stems, native verbalizers, and semantic expansion converge in everyday communication. The proposed framework clarifies the relationship between naming needs, social diffusion, and structural adaptation, and it provides a replicable model for describing neologisms across languages and registers.

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