Design, Development, and Pharmacological Evaluation of a Polyherbal Formulation for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Although several synthetic antidiabetic drugs are available, their long-term use is often associated with adverse effects, highlighting the need for safer and multitarget therapeutic alternatives. The present study aimed to design, develop, and pharmacologically evaluate a polyherbal formulation for the management of T2DM. Hydroalcoholic extracts of Azadirachta indica, Gymnema sylvestre, Momordica charantia, and Trigonella foenum-graecum were prepared, optimized, and combined to develop a stable formulation. Physicochemical characterization and phytochemical screening confirmed formulation quality and the presence of bioactive constituents. In vitro evaluation revealed significant, concentration-dependent inhibition of αamylase and α-glucosidase enzymes, indicating effective control of carbohydrate digestion. The formulation also exhibited strong antioxidant activity in DPPH and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Overall, the results suggest that the polyherbal formulation exerts antidiabetic effects through multitarget mechanisms involving enzyme inhibition, antioxidant action, metabolic regulation, and pancreatic protection, supporting its potential as a safe and effective therapeutic approach for T2DM.

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