Impact of Soil Salinization and Groundwater Levelson Vegetation Cover in Irrigated Agroecosystems: An Analysis Based on GIS and Vegetation Indices

This study is devoted to analyzing the impact of soil salinization and groundwater levels on vegetation cover in irrigated agroecosystems using GIS technologies and vegetation indices. The research employed multispectral satellite imagery from Landsat 8–9 and Sentinel-2, data on soil salinity and groundwater levels, as well as the NDVI and SAVI vegetation indices. Spatial analysis was conducted in a GIS environment using IDW and Kriging interpolation methods, Moran’s I spatial autocorrelation index, spatio-temporal regression, and time-lag techniques. The results showed that areas with high groundwater levels tend to exhibit increased soil salinity, which in turn leads to a deterioration of vegetation cover. It was also determined that changes in groundwater levels affect soil salinity and vegetation indicators with an average delay of approximately 3–4 months. Spatio-temporal monitoring based on GIS and vegetation indices serves as an important analytical tool for the scientific planning of land reclamation measures in irrigated agroecosystems, promoting the rational use of resources and ensuring the sustainability of agroecosystems.

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