VIRAL HEPATITIS A: DEFINITION, PATHOGENESIS, PREVALENCE, AND PREVENTION

This article discusses the epidemiology of viral hepatitis A, an acute infectious disease primarily affecting the liver. The paper describes the causative agent, transmission mechanisms, and stages of disease development, including the incubation, prodromal, clinical, and recovery periods. Special attention is given to the fecal–oral route of transmission, with water identified as the main factor in spreading the infection. The study highlights that many cases occur in mild or asymptomatic forms, which complicates early diagnosis and increases the epidemiological risk. The distribution of the disease by age, seasonality, and geographical factors is also analyzed, showing higher incidence rates among children and in areas with poor water supply and sanitation. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the importance of epidemiological surveillance, preventive measures, and control strategies, including ensuring access to safe drinking water, maintaining hygiene standards, and the use of vaccination. The findings underline that improving sanitation and water quality remains the most effective approach to reducing the incidence of hepatitis A.

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