NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY OF THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE AND ITS ROLE IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH

The menstrual cycle is a complex physiological process regulated by intricate hormonal interactions between the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovaries. It plays a central role in female reproductive health, governing ovulation, fertility, and endometrial preparation for implantation. Disruptions in the menstrual cycle may indicate underlying endocrine, metabolic, or reproductive disorders. This article aims to review the normal physiology of the menstrual cycle, its hormonal regulation, phases, and its critical role in maintaining reproductive health. Understanding these mechanisms is essential for early detection and management of reproductive dysfunction.

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