Мақола

Phytofabricated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) from a medicinal salt-tolerant Oxystelma esculentum (L.f.) Sm. extract and their multifunctional biological activities

Moona NazishDepartment of Plant Sciences, Quaid -i- Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan. [email protected]Sura RahimovaDepartment of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Nakhchivan State University, Nakhchivan, AzerbaijanMuhammad ZubairDepartment of Botany, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 28100, PakistanMuhammad Fiaz KhanDepartment of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 21300, PakistanMuhammad Azhar KhanDepartment of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 21300, PakistanFozia BibiDepartment of Biology, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, 44000, PakistanMuhammad Ishfaq KhanDepartment of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, 21300, PakistanSaleem UllaNisar Aziz AgriTech Center, Namal University, Mianwali, 42250, PakistanJobborov BakhromDepartment of Ecology, National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, 100174, UzbekistanRaheek AlwaznahCenter of Excellence in Biotechnology Research (CEBR), DSR, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi ArabiaIslem AbidCenter of Excellence in Biotechnology Research (CEBR), DSR, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi ArabiaMuhammad Tahir NaseemDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea. [email protected]

Scientific Reportsjournal2026en

ABI

Аннотация

This study accounts for the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using Oxalis esculentum extract, aiming to evaluate their physicochemical properties and biomedical potential. The synthesized ZnO-NPs were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). XRD confirmed the hexagonal nanocrystalline nature of the ZnO-NPs, having a particle size of 13 nm, while FTIR indicated the existence of functional groups from plant phytochemicals. SEM revealed a quasi-spherical shape with agglomeration tendency, and EDX confirmed the presence of zinc (60.4%) and oxygen (22%) elements. The ZnO-NPs exhibited notable antifungal activity, with maximum inhibition rates of 72.3% against Aspergillus niger, 72.2% against Penicillium notatum, and 69.3% against Fusarium oxysporum at 4 mg/mL. Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli peaked at a 13.9 mm inhibition zone at 8 mg/mL. The highest antileishmanial activity was 57.33% at 160 µg/mL, while hemolytic activity remained low at 1.41 ± 0.22% at 200 µg/mL, indicating biocompatibility. Additionally, the ZnO-NPs showed 79% anti-inflammatory activity at 800 µg/mL, 63.11 ± 0.22% alpha-amylase inhibition at 400 µg/mL, 17.66 ± 0.55% α-glucosidase inhibition at 400 µg/mL, and antioxidant activities, including 51.7 ± 1.2% TAC, 42.4 ± 0.02%TRP, and 55.6 ± 1.4%FRSA at 200 µg/mL of the NPs. In conclusion, the phyto-fabricated ZnO-NPs demonstrated significant antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties, highlighting their potential for future biomedical applications.

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Мавзулар

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DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-47491-w

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