ASSOCIATION OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI–ASSOCIATED GASTRIC AND DUODENAL PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE WITH VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY

The pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) develops as a result of a complex multifactorial interaction between gastric acid secretion, the integrity of the mucosal protective barrier, Helicobacter pylori infection, and the modulatory effects of various nutrients on ulcer development and severity. Vitamin D₃ deficiency, which plays a crucial role in immune system function, may contribute to a more severe course of the disease. A clear association has been identified between vitamin D₃ deficiency and Helicobacter pylori infection, with a higher prevalence of infection observed among individuals with obesity, as well as among smokers and those who regularly consume fast food.

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