Vowel Variation in Dialects: The Alternation of /i/ and /e/ in Phonological and Sociolinguistic Perspective

Dialectal variation is one of the most significant indicators of linguistic diversity. Among the many phonetic and phonological features that distinguish dialects, vowel alternation plays a central role. This paper examines the alternation between the front vowels /i/ and /e/ from a phonetic, phonological, and sociolinguistic perspective. The study explains the articulatory properties of these vowels, the mechanisms of vowel raising and lowering, the influence of phonological environment, and the role of social identity in maintaining dialectal pronunciation. The paper argues that the variation between /i/ and /e/ should be understood as a natural and systematic process of language evolution rather than as a deviation from a standard norm.

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