MORPHOBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WHEAT(TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) GENETIC RESOURCES AND THEIRBREEDING SIGNIFICANCE

This article presents a comprehensive study of the morphobiological characteristics of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) genetic resources and their breeding significance. The research was conducted in2024–2025 and included 384 collection samples obtained from various geographical regions (CentralAsia, Russia, Africa, America, and Asian countries). Key agronomically valuable traits such asphenological stages (emergence, heading, maturation), plant height, spike structure, and thousand kernelweight were thoroughly analyzed.The results revealed significant phenotypic variability among thegenotypes. The thousand kernel weight ranged from 46 to 56 g, with an average value of 50.7 g,indicating high stability of this trait. In addition, considerable differences were identified among thesamples in terms of resistance to yellow rust, with some genotypes demonstrating high resistance, makingthem valuable donors for breeding programs.The most promising results were observed in samplesbelonging to the Lutescens, Erythrospermum, and Aestivum groups. These samples are characterized bylarge grain size, highproductivity, and adaptability to environmental conditions.The obtained resultsprovide an important scientific and practical basis for the effective utilization of wheat gene pool,conservation of genetic diversity, and development of new high-yielding varieties resistant to stressfactors under climate change conditions.

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