Cardiorenal Syndrome: Modern Strategies for Integrated Protection

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) represents a complex interaction between the cardiovascular and renal systems, where dysfunction of one organ leads to progressive impairment of the other. Among patients with chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease, CRS significantly increases morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in therapy, the risk of adverse outcomes remains high due to persistent neurohumoral activation, inflammation, and hemodynamic imbalance. In recent years, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy providing both cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of integrated cardiorenal protection using SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with combined pathology.

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