Disruption of Oral Ecological Homeostasis Under Chronic Particulate Exposure: Pathobiological Mechanisms and Translational Prevention Strategies

Occupational exposure to mineral dust remains a significant yet underexplored determinant of oral health among industrial workers. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on the impact of airborne particulate matter in stone-processing environments on dental hard tissues, oral mucosa, and periodontal structures. Special emphasis is placed on the interaction between mechanical abrasion, salivary dysfunction, and microbiological imbalance as key drivers of oral pathology [2,3]. Available literature indicates that chronic exposure to silica-containing dust contributes to enamel microdamage, altered salivary composition, and dysbiosis of the oral microbiome. These changes collectively promote the development of non-carious lesions, dentin hypersensitivity, and periodontal inflammation. Additionally, adverse microclimatic conditions—such as elevated temperature and low humidity—further exacerbate salivary hypofunction and compromise oral defense mechanisms. Preventive strategies are discussed from a multidisciplinary perspective, including engineering controls, personal protective equipment compliance, and clinical interventions. The findings highlight the necessity of integrated occupational and dental health programs aimed at early detection and risk mitigation [1].

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