Periodontal Status in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Modern Concepts of Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations

Pulmonary tuberculosis remains one of the leading infectious diseases worldwide and is accompanied by profound immunological, metabolic, and inflammatory alterations that significantly affect the condition of oral tissues. Numerous investigations indicate that patients with pulmonary tuberculosis demonstrate a high prevalence of inflammatory periodontal diseases, including chronic generalized gingivitis and generalized periodontitis. Immune dysregulation, chronic intoxication, oxidative stress, nutritional deficiencies, smoking, poor oral hygiene, and long-term anti-tuberculosis therapy contribute to periodontal tissue destruction in this category of patients. The present review summarizes contemporary scientific data regarding periodontal status in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and analyzes the principal pathogenic mechanisms involved in periodontal alterations associated with tuberculosis infection.

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