THE HISTORY OF TRADE AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN UZBEKISTAN AND SOUTHEAST ASIAN COUNTRIES (1991–2025)

Following its independence in 1991, Uzbekistan embarked on a multifaceted foreign economic policy aimed at diversification beyond traditional post-Soviet partners. Southeast Asian countries, with their dynamic economies, export-oriented models, and experiences in modernization, emerged as valuable counterparts in this strategy. This article analyzes the historical evolution of trade and economic cooperation between Uzbekistan and key Southeast Asian nations primarily Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, and Thailand from 1991 to 2025. It traces the transition from initial diplomatic engagement and modest trade volumes in the 1990s, through gradual institutionalization in the 2000s, to accelerated growth under President Shavkat Mirziyoyev’s administration after 2016. The analysis highlights key sectors such as textiles, agriculture, electronics, pharmaceuticals, tourism, and investment, alongside mechanisms including bilateral agreements, joint commissions, and participation in broader connectivity initiatives. Despite challenges like geographical distance, logistical barriers, and global disruptions, bilateral trade turnover has shown consistent upward trends, reaching notable figures by the mid-2020s. This cooperation reflects Uzbekistan’s broader goals of economic modernization, market diversification, and integration into global value chains, while Southeast Asian partners view Uzbekistan as a gateway to Central Asia. The period culminates in enhanced strategic partnerships, with prospects for deeper integration through frameworks like ASEAN dialogue mechanisms. This historical trajectory underscores the role of pragmatic diplomacy and mutual economic complementarity in fostering resilient South-South cooperation.

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