Condition of periodontal tissues in patients with inflammatory intestinal pathology

Numerous evidence of the mutually aggravating influence of periodontal and intestinal pathologies through numerous microbiological, immunological, psychological, and metabolic associations determines the increased interest in the problem of periodontal pathology in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. The etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases, i. e., ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, is largely similar to periodontitis. Both diseases are associated with an excessive inflammatory reaction of the intestinal mucosa or oral cavity to microbial triggers in the susceptible host. The purpose of the research is to assess the severity of the clinical course of periodontal pathology in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Intestinal inflammatory diseases and periodontitis are pathologies of inflammatory genesis, chronic progressive course, united by a common pathogenesis consisting in the interaction and mutual aggravation of microbiocenosis disorders and immuno-inflammatory reaction. Inflammatory bowel diseases is one of the most important risk factors for the development and severity of periodontitis. We determined that in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases , the risk of severe periodontitis of the ΙΙΙ/ΙV degree is 2.431 (95 % CI 1.704–3.470), and the etiological contribution of inflammatory bowel diseases to the risk of periodontitis of the ΙΙΙ–ΙV degree is 58.86 %. The presence of a risk factor increases the severity of periodontal pathology. A significantly higher prevalence of periodontitis was found in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases compared to the comparison group (94.16 % versus 83.97 % ( p < 0.001). The presence of inflammatory bowel diseases significantly affects the risk of severe periodontal disease.

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