Current Perspectives on Alzheimer’s Disease: Biomarkers, Drug Development and Future Directions

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia globally. Recent advances in biomarker discovery, disease-modifying therapies, and precision medicine have significantly reshaped the understanding and management of AD. This review highlights current perspectives on diagnostic biomarkers, emerging drug development strategies, and future research directions. Advances in blood-based biomarkers, neuroimaging, and artificial intelligence are enabling early detection and disease staging. Simultaneously, therapeutic development has transitioned from symptomatic management to targeting disease pathology, including amyloid-beta, tau protein, and neuroinflammation. Despite progress, challenges remain in achieving effective disease modification. Future directions emphasize personalized medicine, multimodal therapies, and early intervention strategies.

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