Cellulose-Based Composite for Sustainable Frost-Resistant Concrete

This study focuses on the development of a sustainable cellulose-based composite material derived from banana peel and fungal biomass, modified with glycerin and reinforced with coal fly ash for use in durable and frost-resistant concrete. Cellulose was extracted from banana peel and fungal material through alkaline treatment using a 5–10% NaOH solution in a 400 ml medium at elevated temperature for 2 hours. This process effectively removed lignin and hemicellulose, yielding primary cellulose fibers. Before drying, the obtained cellulose was treated with 30 ml of glycerin for 15–20 minutes to enhance flexibility and prevent brittleness, thereby improving its mechanical performance in composite systems.

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