Comparative-Semantic Study of Transport Terminology in Uzbek And Russian Languages

This article presents a comparative-semantic study of transport terminology in Uzbek and Russian languages. The research examines the structural, semantic, etymological, and morphological features of terms used in road, rail, aviation, and logistics domains, highlighting the impact of historical linguistic contact and modern language policy on terminological development. The study is based on a corpus of over 200 specialized terms collected from technical dictionaries, official standards, and authentic transport texts in both languages. Employing contrastive-comparative methodology combined with semantic component analysis and equivalence typology, the research identifies key patterns in terminological organization. The results reveal a high degree of convergence through internationalisms and direct borrowings from Russian into Uzbek, especially from the Soviet period (e.g., avtomobil, poezd, samolyot). At the same time, post-independence Uzbek demonstrates active nativization processes through semantic calques and native compounding (e.g., temir yo‘l for Russian железная дорога, yuk mashinasi for truck). Notable differences appear in morphological structure, degree of polysemy, and contextual specialization of terms. The analysis underscores the hybrid character of contemporary Uzbek transport terminology, which balances Russian technical heritage with Turkic linguistic revival. While semantic convergence facilitates professional communication, challenges such as synonymic variation and inconsistent standardization persist. The study emphasizes the need for unified bilingual terminological databases and balanced language planning to support growing transport cooperation between Uzbekistan and Russia.

Ҳали таржима қилинмаган