Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1)
Philip HollowayDepartment of Physics, Oxford UniversityA. VermaDepartment of Physics, Oxford UniversityMike WalmsleyDavid A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of TorontoPhilip J. MarshallSLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryAnupreeta MoreThe Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and AstrophysicsThomas E. CollettInstitute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of PortsmouthN.E.P. LinesInstitute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of PortsmouthL. LeuzziDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di BolognaA. Manjón-GarcíaDepartamento Física Aplicada, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Campus Muralla del MarS. H. VinckenUniversity of Applied Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland, School of EngineeringJ. WildeInstitut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB)R. Pearce-CaseySchool of Physical Sciences, The Open UniversityI. T. AndikaTechnical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics DepartmentJ.A. Acevedo BarrosoInstitute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de SauvernyTian LiInstitute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of PortsmouthAlejandra MeloMax-Planck-Institut für AstrophysikR. B. MetcalfDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di BolognaK. RojasUniversity of Applied Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland, School of EngineeringBenjamin ClémentInstitute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de SauvernyH. DegaudenziDepartment of Astronomy, University of GenevaF. CourbinInstitució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)G. DespaliINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di BolognaR. GavazziInstitut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne UniversitéS. SchuldtDipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di MilanoB.C NagamMinnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of MinnesotaDominique SluseSTAR Institute, University of Liège, Quartier AgoraC. TortoraINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di CapodimonteH. Domínguez SánchezInstituto de Física de Cantabria, Edificio Juan Jordá, Avenida de los CastrosKyle FinnerA. GalanTechnical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics DepartmentC. GiocoliINFN-Sezione di BolognaL. GuzzoINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di BreraNatalie B HoggLaboratoire univers et particules de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRSK. JahnkęMax-Planck-Institut für AstronomieSandor KrukESAC/ESAGuillaume MahlerDepartment of Physics, Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham UniversityMartin MillonInstitute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Dept. of Physics, ETH ZurichP. NugentLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryJames F. PearsonSchool of Physical Sciences, The Open UniversityL. R. EckerMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial PhysicsA. Sainz de MurietaInstitute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of PortsmouthClaudia ScarlataMinnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of MinnesotaS. SerjeantSchool of Physical Sciences, The Open UniversityAlessandro SonnenfeldDepartment of Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChiara SpinielloDepartment of Physics, Oxford UniversityTran Thi ThaiNational Astronomical Observatory of JapanL. UliviINAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di ArcetriLuke WeisenbachInstitute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of PortsmouthMiguel ZumalacárreguiMax Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute)N. AghanimUniversité Paris-SaclayB. AltieriESAC/ESAA. AmaraSchool of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, GuildfordS. AndreonINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di BreraN. AuricchioINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di BolognaH. AusselUniversité Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIMC. BaccigalupiINFN, Sezione di TriesteMarco BaldiUniversity of BolognaA. BalestraINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di PadovaS. BardelliINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di BolognaP. BattagliaINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di BolognaR. BenderMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial PhysicsA. BivianoIFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the UniverseA. BonchiUnited Kingdom Space AgencyE. BranchiniINFN-Sezione di GenovaM. BresciaINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di CapodimonteJ. BrinchmannInstituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUPS. CameraINFN-Sezione di TorinoG Cañas-HerreraEuropean Space Agency/ESTECV. CapobiancoINAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di TorinoC. CarboneINAF-IASF MilanoV. F. CardoneINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di RomaJ. CarreteroCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT)M. CastellanoNational Institute for AstrophysicsG. CastignaniINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di BolognaS. CavuotiINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di CapodimonteK. C. ChambersInstitute for Astronomy, University of HawaiiA CimattiDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di BolognaC. Colodro-CondeInstituto de Astrofísica de CanariasG. CongedoUK Astronomy Technology CentreChristopher J. ConseliceJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of ManchesterL. ConversiESAC/ESAY. CopinUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822H. M. CourtoisLyon CollegeM. CropperMullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St MaryA. Da SilvaDepartamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de LisboaG. De LuciaINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di TriesteA. M. Di GiorgioINAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia SpazialiC. DoldingMullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St MaryH. DoleUniversité Paris-SaclayF. DubathDepartment of Astronomy, University of GenevaC. A. J. DuncanJodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of ManchesterX. DupacESAC/ESAS. DusiniINFN-PadovaA. EaletUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822S. EscoffierAix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPMM. FarinaINAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia SpazialiR. FarinelliINAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di BolognaF. FaustiniINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di RomaS. FerriolCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueF. Finelli⋆INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna
2026en
ABI
Аннотация
The Euclid Wide Survey (EWS) is expected to identify in the order of 100 000 galaxy-galaxy strong lenses across 14 000deg 2 . The Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1) of 63.1deg 2 Euclid images provides an excellent opportunity to test our lens-finding ability, and to verify the anticipated lens frequency in the EWS. Following the Q1 data release, eight machine learning networks from five teams were applied to approximately one million images. This was followed by a citizen science inspection of a subset of around 100 000 images, of which 65% received high network scores, with the remainder randomly selected. The top scoring outputs were inspected by experts to establish confident (grade A), likely (grade B), possible (grade C), and unlikely lenses. In this paper we combine the citizen science and machine learning classifiers into an ensemble, demonstrating that a combined approach can produce a purer and more complete sample than the original individual classifiers. Using the expert-graded subset as ground truth, we find that this ensemble can provide a purity of 52 ± 2% (grade A/B lenses) with 50% completeness (for context, due to the rarity of lenses a random classifier would have a purity of 0.05% and the best machine learning network in this work achieved 7.3% purity for the same completeness). We discuss future lessons for the first major Euclid data release (DR1), where the big-data challenges will become more significant and will require analysing more than ∼300 million galaxies, and thus the time investment of both experts and citizens must be carefully managed.
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