Мақола

Effects of silicon fertilizer on growth, yield, and fiber quality traits of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Zeeshan MuhammadState Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, ChinaYi LuoXinjiang Key Laboratory for Crop Gene Editing and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Western Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, ChinaP LiXinjiang Key Laboratory for Crop Gene Editing and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Western Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, ChinaZhenggui ZhangChinese Agrosystem Long-Term Observation Network, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, ChinaGuilan SunChinese Agrosystem Long-Term Observation Network, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, ChinaYì WángChinese Agrosystem Long-Term Observation Network, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, ChinaY ZHANGState Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, ChinaWeidong ZhaoXinjiang Key Laboratory for Crop Gene Editing and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Western Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, ChinaXin LiXinjiang Key Laboratory for Crop Gene Editing and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Western Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, ChinaJunhong LiState Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, ChinaMenghua ZhaiChinese Agrosystem Long-Term Observation Network, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, ChinaL WangState Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, ChinaZhanlei PanState Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, 455000, ChinaZhanbiao WangXinjiang Key Laboratory for Crop Gene Editing and Germplasm Innovation, Institute of Western Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, China

2026en

ABI

Аннотация

Abstract Background Cotton is a leading cash crop worldwide, yet its productivity is severely subject to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. Silicon (Si) effectively enhances crop yields and quality by improving their stress tolerance. However, little is known about how Si additions improve cotton yield and fiber quality by enhancing its physiological stress tolerance. Thus, this field study was launched to explore the effects of different Si foliar spraying concentrations on agronomic traits, leaf physiological indicators, yields, and fiber quality, to identify the optimal concentration. Results Si foliar spraying significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, number of fruit branches, and number of main stem leaves, with the greatest increases under Si 2 concentration (7.15%−23.95%). Meanwhile, total and reproductive dry matter were observed to be significantly increased by Si foliar spraying, especially under Si 2 and Si 3 concentrations in 2024 (8.10%−21.65%). Si foliar spraying obviously improved the seasonal mean SPAD value in 2024. Additionally, it was found that Si foliar spraying (i.e., Si 2 and Si 3 concentrations) sharply reduced the marker of oxidative stress injury (i.e., malondialdehyde) while boosting osmotic regulatory substances (i.e., proline) and antioxidant enzyme activities (i.e., superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione reductase). Although Si foliar spraying significantly increased boll weight, especially under Si 2 and Si 3 concentrations (13.79%−17.29% in 2024), there were slight increasing trends for seed cotton and lint yields in both years. Furthermore, Si foliar spraying markedly improved fiber strength, especially at Si 1 and Si 3 concentrations, in 2025. Conclusions Our results implied that Si foliar spraying decreased the markers of oxidative stress and injury, elevated the contents of osmotic regulatory substances and antioxidant enzyme activities in cotton leaves, and thereby improved cotton fiber quality, despite no significant effects on yields. In the future, more in-depth studies on Si additions in the cotton field are needed to obtain higher fiber quality.

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DOI: 10.1186/s42397-026-00278-w

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