Thermal radiation effects on thermophoretic particle deposition in trihybrid nanofluid with surface tension gradient and variable fluid properties

The thermal radiative flow of water-based trihybrid nanofluid over a Riga plate with thermophoretic particle deposition, microbes is addressed in the recent study. The effects of variable fluid characteristics, viscous dissipation, are considered. In bio-microsystem technology and bio-fuel cell, where improved mass movement and effective heat management are crucial, the suggested model has important uses. Thermal radiation helps to maximize heat transfer in small bio-microdevices, and oxytactic microorganisms improve oxygen-driven biochemical reactions that are necessary for bio-fuel cells to produce energy. Combining the trihybrid nanoliquid with thermophoretic particle deposition enhances the stability and distribution of nanoparticles, improving the efficiency and durability of energy systems and micro-scale bioreactors. This approach facilitates the design of microbial energy harvesting systems, lab-on-a-chip devices, and next-generation biosensors. The trihybrid nanofluid model's characteristics are claimed by merging Ag,Cu, and TiO2particles with a water-based base fluid. The numerical method (bvp4c) is used to obtain and resolve a system of equations. The outcomes show that as the tension gradient parameter rises, the local rate of heat, mass, density of gyrotactic germs, density of Oxytactic microorganisms and velocity profile all increase while the temperature, solutal and Oxytactic microbes profiles decline.

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