Мақола

Fe3O4@TpBD–Ni Nanocomposite Electrode for Electrochemical CO2 in Kolb-Schmitt C-H Carboxylation in a Reusable ChCl/EG DES

Mohamed ShabanDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi ArabiaZaman Abdalhussein Ibadi AlaridheeDepartment of Medical Laboratory Techniques, College of Health and Medical Techniques, University of Alkafeel. Najaf, IraqDilafruz KholmurodovaScientific and Practical Center of Immunology, Allergology and Human Genomics, Samarkand State Medical University, Makhdum-i Aʿẓam st. 18, Samarkand 140104, UzbekistanRasulbek Jumyazovich EshmetovDavron KuronboevDepartment of physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, UzbekistanJasur TursunqulovDepartment of Pharmaceuticals and Chemistry, Alfraganus University, 100190, Tashkent, UzbekistanRaouf HassanCivil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), 13318 Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaKhasan BerdimuradovShahrisabz Faculty of Food Engineering, Karshi state technical university, Karshi, UzbekistanOkhunjon KhasanovMedical and biological disciplines, Kimyo International university in Tashkent, Tashkent, UzbekistanShokhjakhon TursunovDepartment of Medical and biological chemistry, Tashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, UzbekistanElyor BerdimurodovFaculty of Chemistry, National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, 100034, UzbekistanReza AzimiSchool of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2026en

ABI

Аннотация

A magnetically recoverable Fe₃O₄@TpBD–Ni nanocomposite electrode was developed as a heterogeneous electrocatalyst for the electro-organic C–H carboxylation of aromatic substrates using CO₂ as a C1 feedstock. The material integrates catalytically active Ni sites within a porous β-ketoenamine-linked TpBD covalent organic framework supported on Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, combining an accessible catalytic environment, efficient charge-transfer pathways, and magnetic responsiveness. Comprehensive characterization by FT-IR, SEM, XRD, EDX, VSM, and TGA confirmed the formation, structural integrity, Ni incorporation, and magnetic stability of the composite. The Fe₃O₄@TpBD–Ni electrode enabled efficient Kolbe–Schmitt-type carboxylation in a choline chloride/ethylene glycol (ChCl/EG, 1:2) deep eutectic solvent (DES) under mild conditions (room temperature, 12 mA, 1.5 h), affording the corresponding aromatic carboxylic acids in 90–98% isolated yields. Notably, the optimized composite electrode exhibited superior performance compared with conventional Ni rod, Ni foam, and graphite electrodes, highlighting the beneficial synergistic effect of the porous magnetic COF–Ni architecture. The catalyst could be readily separated by an external magnetic field and retained its catalytic activity upon repeated use, with limited Ni leaching, demonstrating good operational stability and recyclability. Moreover, the process showed high atom economy and low E-factor values, further supporting its sustainability. Overall, Fe₃O₄@TpBD–Ni provides a robust and recyclable heterogeneous electrocatalytic platform for CO₂ incorporation into aromatic carboxylic acids and offers a promising approach to sustainable electrochemical CO₂ valorization.

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DOI: 10.1016/j.nwnano.2026.100245

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