Мақола

Geomagnetic and Atmospheric Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays: A Comparative Analysis of Tashkent and Almaty Neutron Monitor Observations

Yuldash XamrayevDepartment of Physics, Kimyo International University in Tashkent, 156 Shota Rustaveli Str., Tashkent 100121, UzbekistanKomiljon TillaboevDepartment of Nuclear Physics and Astronomy, National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, 4 University Str., Tashkent 100714, UzbekistanQilichboy QarshiyevDepartment of Physics, Samarkand State Pedagogical Institute, 166 Spitamen Shah Str., Samarkand 140100, UzbekistanMuxiddin AbduraxmonovSamarkand State Institute of Foreign LanguagesFatto MeliyevSamarkand State Institute of Foreign LanguagesIroda XamrayevaDepartment of Economics and Engineering Sciences, NON-Governmental University of Economics and Pedagogy, 13 Islom Karimov Str., Karshi 180100, UzbekistanSoxiba XamroyevaDepartment of Methods of Teaching Uzbek Literature, Jizzakh State Pedagogical University, 4 Sharof Rashidov Str., Jizzakh 130100, UzbekistanDilshod BEKOVDepartment of Natural Sciences, Tashkent State Transport University, 1 Temiryolchilar Str., Tashkent 100121, UzbekistanNilufar OtojanovaQayrat MambetaliyevTurdali SultanovJamshid ParmanovDepartment of Social and Natural Sciences, Samarkand State Technical University, 70 Lolazor Str., Samarkand 140143, Uzbekistan

2026en

ABI

Аннотация

Ground-based neutron monitor observations are essential for investigating long-term galactic cosmic ray (GCR) variability, but their measurements are significantly affected by geomagnetic shielding and atmospheric conditions. This study presents a comparative analysis of GCR observations from the Tashkent (Uzbekistan) and Almaty (Kazakhstan) neutron monitor stations to evaluate the combined effects of geomagnetic cutoff rigidity (Rc) and atmospheric pressure. Long-term datasets were analyzed using station-specific barometric corrections and regression methods. The results show that the high-altitude Almaty station (3340 m; Rc≈6.4–6.7 GV) is more sensitive to lower-energy cosmic rays than the lower-altitude Tashkent station (400–500 m; Rc≈7.3–7.5 GV). A strong inverse relationship was found between atmospheric pressure and neutron monitor intensity, with barometric coefficients of β=(0.668±0.016)%mbar−1 for Almaty and β=(0.686±0.016)%mbar−1 for Tashkent. Correlation analysis of the atmospheric-pressure dependence yielded R≈0.92–0.95, whereas the multifactor regression analysis used for atmospheric correction yielded a coefficient of determination of R2≈0.97. These findings demonstrate that station-specific atmospheric corrections and consideration of geomagnetic conditions significantly improve the accuracy of long-term neutron monitor observations for GCR and regional space-weather studies.

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DOI: 10.3390/astronomy5030015

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