Integrating Generative AI in STEM Projects

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) tools—most notably large language models such as ChatGPT—are rapidly reshaping the landscape of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. This chapter examines the dual role of GenAI in STEM project-based learning: as a pedagogical enabler and a source of risk. Drawing on a synthesis of peer-reviewed literature published between 2021 and 2025, the chapter identifies key opportunities including personalized learning, adaptive feedback, scaffolded inquiry, and increased instructional efficiency. It also examines risks such as academic dishonesty, algorithmic bias, data privacy violations, and equity gaps. Ethical frameworks for responsible GenAI integration are proposed, emphasizing AI literacy, transparent policy design, and teacher development. The chapter concludes that sustainable GenAI adoption in STEM requires not just technological fluency, but a principled, equity-centered pedagogical commitment from stakeholders.

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