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The genetics of an early Neolithic pastoralist from the Zagros, Iran

M. Gallego-LlorenteDepartment of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UKSarah ConnellSchool of Archaeology and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, IrelandE. R. JonesDepartment of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UKD. C. MerrettDepartment of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, CanadaYeonsu JeonDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of KoreaAnders ErikssonDepartment of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UKVeronika SiskaDepartment of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UKCristina GambaCentre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen 1350, DenmarkChristopher MeiklejohnDepartment of Anthropology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2E9, CanadaRobert BeyerMcDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3ER, UKSungwon JeonDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of KoreaYun Sang ChoDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of KoreaMichael HofreiterEvolutionary Adaptive Genomics, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknechtstraße 24-25, Potsdam, 14476, GermanyJihun BhakThe Genomics Institute, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of KoreaAndrea ManicaDepartment of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UKR. PinhasiSchool of Archaeology and Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland

2016en

ABI

Аннотация

The agricultural transition profoundly changed human societies. We sequenced and analysed the first genome (1.39x) of an early Neolithic woman from Ganj Dareh, in the Zagros Mountains of Iran, a site with early evidence for an economy based on goat herding, ca. 10,000 BP. We show that Western Iran was inhabited by a population genetically most similar to hunter-gatherers from the Caucasus, but distinct from the Neolithic Anatolian people who later brought food production into Europe. The inhabitants of Ganj Dareh made little direct genetic contribution to modern European populations, suggesting those of the Central Zagros were somewhat isolated from other populations of the Fertile Crescent. Runs of homozygosity are of a similar length to those from Neolithic farmers, and shorter than those of Caucasus and Western Hunter-Gatherers, suggesting that the inhabitants of Ganj Dareh did not undergo the large population bottleneck suffered by their northern neighbours. While some degree of cultural diffusion between Anatolia, Western Iran and other neighbouring regions is possible, the genetic dissimilarity between early Anatolian farmers and the inhabitants of Ganj Dareh supports a model in which Neolithic societies in these areas were distinct.

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DOI: 10.1038/srep31326

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