Detection of orbital motions near the last stable circular orbit of the massive black hole SgrA*
R. AbuterEuropean Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, 85748 Garching, GermanyA. AmorimCENTRA – Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação, IST, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, PortugalM. BauböckMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics(MPE), Giessenbachstr.1, 85748 Garching, GermanyJ. P. BergerUniv. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, FranceH. BonnetEuropean Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, 85748 Garching, GermanyW. BrandnerMax Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, GermanyY. ClénetLESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, FranceV. Coudé du ForestoLESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, FranceP. T. de ZeeuwMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics(MPE), Giessenbachstr.1, 85748 Garching, GermanyC. DeenMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics(MPE), Giessenbachstr.1, 85748 Garching, GermanyJ. DexterMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics(MPE), Giessenbachstr.1, 85748 Garching, GermanyG. DuvertUniv. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, FranceA. Eckart1st Institute of Physics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937 Cologne, GermanyF. EisenhauerMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics(MPE), Giessenbachstr.1, 85748 Garching, GermanyN. M. Förster SchreiberMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics(MPE), Giessenbachstr.1, 85748 Garching, GermanyP. GarciaCENTRA – Centro de Astrofísica e Gravitação, IST, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, PortugalF. GaoMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics(MPE), Giessenbachstr.1, 85748 Garching, GermanyE. GendronLESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, FranceR. GenzelDepartments of Physics and Astronomy, Le Conte Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USAS. GillessenMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics(MPE), Giessenbachstr.1, 85748 Garching, GermanyP. GuajardoEuropean Southern Observatory, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, ChileM. HabibiMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics(MPE), Giessenbachstr.1, 85748 Garching, GermanyX. HauboisEuropean Southern Observatory, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, ChileTh. HenningMax Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, GermanyS. HipplerMax Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, GermanyM. Horrobin1st Institute of Physics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937 Cologne, GermanyA. HuberMax Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, GermanyA. Jiménez-RosalesMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics(MPE), Giessenbachstr.1, 85748 Garching, GermanyL. JocouUniv. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, FranceP. KervellaLESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, FranceS. LacourLESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, FranceV. LapeyrèreLESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, FranceB. LazareffUniv. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, FranceJ.-B. Le BouquinUniv. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, FranceP. LénaLESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, FranceM. LippaMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics(MPE), Giessenbachstr.1, 85748 Garching, GermanyT. OttMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics(MPE), Giessenbachstr.1, 85748 Garching, GermanyJ. PanduroMax Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, GermanyT. PaumardLESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, FranceK. PerrautUniv. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, FranceG. PerrinLESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, FranceO. PfuhlMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics(MPE), Giessenbachstr.1, 85748 Garching, GermanyP. M. PlewaMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics(MPE), Giessenbachstr.1, 85748 Garching, GermanyS. RabienMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics(MPE), Giessenbachstr.1, 85748 Garching, GermanyG. Rodríguez-CoiraLESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, FranceG. RoussetLESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, FranceA. SternbergCenter for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Ave., New York, NY 10010, USAO. StraubLESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, FranceC. Straubmeier1st Institute of Physics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937 Cologne, GermanyE. SturmMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics(MPE), Giessenbachstr.1, 85748 Garching, GermanyL. J. TacconiMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics(MPE), Giessenbachstr.1, 85748 Garching, GermanyF. VincentLESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, FranceS. von FellenbergMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics(MPE), Giessenbachstr.1, 85748 Garching, GermanyI. WaisbergMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics(MPE), Giessenbachstr.1, 85748 Garching, GermanyF. WidmannMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics(MPE), Giessenbachstr.1, 85748 Garching, GermanyE. WieprechtMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics(MPE), Giessenbachstr.1, 85748 Garching, GermanyE. WiezorrekMax Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics(MPE), Giessenbachstr.1, 85748 Garching, GermanyJ. WoillezEuropean Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, 85748 Garching, GermanyS. Yazici1st Institute of Physics, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937 Cologne, Germany
2018en
ABI
Аннотация
We report the detection of continuous positional and polarization changes of the compact source SgrA* in high states (“flares”) of its variable near-infrared emission with the near-infrared GRAVITY-Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI) beam-combining instrument. In three prominent bright flares, the position centroids exhibit clockwise looped motion on the sky, on scales of typically 150 μ as over a few tens of minutes, corresponding to about 30% the speed of light. At the same time, the flares exhibit continuous rotation of the polarization angle, with about the same 45(±15) min period as that of the centroid motions. Modelling with relativistic ray tracing shows that these findings are all consistent with a near face-on, circular orbit of a compact polarized “hot spot” of infrared synchrotron emission at approximately six to ten times the gravitational radius of a black hole of 4 million solar masses. This corresponds to the region just outside the innermost, stable, prograde circular orbit (ISCO) of a Schwarzschild–Kerr black hole, or near the retrograde ISCO of a highly spun-up Kerr hole. The polarization signature is consistent with orbital motion in a strong poloidal magnetic field.
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