<i>FERMI</i> <i>GAMMA-RAY SPACE TELESCOPE</i> OBSERVATIONS OF THE GAMMA-RAY OUTBURST FROM 3C454.3 IN NOVEMBER 2010
A. A. AbdoNational Research Council Research Associate, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC 20001, USAM. AckermannW. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAM. AjelloW. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAA. AllafortW. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAL. BaldiniIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, ItalyJ. BalletLaboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d’Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, FranceGuido BarbielliniDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, ItalyD. BastieriDipartimento di Fisica “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, ItalyR. BellazziniIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, ItalyB. BerenjiW. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAR. D. BlandfordW. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAE. D. BloomW. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAE. BonamenteDipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, ItalyA. W. BorglandW. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAA. BouvierSanta Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USAJ. BregeonIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, ItalyM. BrigidaDipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, ItalyP. BruelÉcole PolytechniqueR. BuehlerW. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAS. BusonDipartimento di Fisica “G. Galilei,” Università di Padova, I-35131 Padova, ItalyG. A. CaliandroInstitut de Ciencies de l’Espai (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, SpainR. A. CameronW. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAP. A. CaraveoINAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, I-20133 Milano, ItalyJ. M. CasandjianLaboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d’Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, FranceE. CavazzutiAgenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), ItalyC. CecchiDipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, ItalyE. CharlesW. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAA. ChekhtmanC. C. CheungNational Research Council Research Associate, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC 20001, USAJ. ChiangW. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAS. CipriniDipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, ItalyR. ClausW. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAJ. M. ConradDepartment of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, SwedenS. CutiniAgenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), ItalyF. D’AmmandoA. De AngelisDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Udine and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, Gruppo Collegato di Udine, I-33100 Udine, ItalyF. de PalmaDipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, ItalyC. D. DermerSpace Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA; [email protected]S. W. DigelW. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAE. do Couto e SilvaW. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAP. S. DrellW. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAR. DuboisW. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAD. DumoraCentre d’Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2p3, 33175 Gradignan, France; [email protected], [email protected]L. EscandeCNRS/IN2P3, Centre d’Études Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan, UMR 5797, Gradignan 33175, FranceC. FavuzziDipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, ItalyS. FeganLaboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, FranceE. C. FerraraNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAP. FortinLaboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, FranceY. FukazawaDepartment of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, JapanP. FuscoDipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, ItalyF. GarganoIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, ItalyD. GasparriniAgenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), ItalyN. GehrelsNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAS. GermaniDipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, ItalyN. GigliettoDipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, ItalyP. GiommiAgenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00044 Frascati (Roma), ItalyF. GiordanoDipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, ItalyM. GirolettiINAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, 40129 Bologna, ItalyT. GlanzmanW. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAG. GodfreyKavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and CosmologyI. A. GrenierLaboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d’Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, FranceJ. E. GroveSpace Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA; [email protected]S. GuiriecCenter for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research (CSPAR), University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USAD. HadaschInstitut de Ciencies de l’Espai (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Barcelona, SpainM. HayashidaW. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAE. HaysNASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAD. HoranLaboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, École polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau, FranceR. ItohDepartment of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, JapanG. JóhannessonScience Institute, University of Iceland, IS-107 Reykjavik, IcelandA. S. JohnsonW. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAT. KamaeW. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAH. KatagiriDepartment of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, JapanJ. KataokaResearch Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, JapanJ. KnödlsederCNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4, FranceM. KussIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, ItalyJ. LandéW. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAS. LarssonDepartment of Astronomy, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, SwedenL. LatronicoIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, ItalyS.-H. LeeW. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAF. LongoDipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste, ItalyF. LoparcoDipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, ItalyB. LottCentre d’Études Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan, Université Bordeaux 1, CNRS/IN2p3, 33175 Gradignan, France; [email protected], [email protected]M. N. LovelletteSpace Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA; [email protected]P. LubranoDipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, ItalyG. M. MadejskiW. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAA. MakeevCenter of Earth Observation and Space Research, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USAM. N. MazziottaIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, ItalyW. McConvilleDepartment of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USAJ. E. McEneryDepartment of Physics and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USAP. F. MichelsonW. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAW. MitthumsiriW. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USATsunefumi MizunoDepartment of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, JapanA. A. MoiseevCenter for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST) and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USAC. MonteDipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin” dell’Università e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari, ItalyM. E. MonzaniW. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAA. MorselliIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata,” I-00133 Roma, ItalyI. V. MoskalenkoW. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAS. MurgiaW. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAM. Naumann-GodóLaboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Université Paris Diderot, Service d’Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, FranceS. NishinoDepartment of Physical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
2011en
ABI
Аннотация
The flat-spectrum radio quasar 3C454.3 underwent an extraordinary 5 day γ-ray outburst in 2010 November when the daily flux measured with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) at photon energies E > 100 MeV reached (66 ± 2) × 10–6 photons cm–2 s–1. This is a factor of three higher than its previous maximum flux recorded in 2009 December and gsim 5 times brighter than the Vela pulsar, which is normally the brightest source in the γ-ray sky. The 3 hr peak flux was (85 ± 5)×10–6 photons cm–2 s–1, corresponding to an apparent isotropic luminosity of (2.1 ± 0.2)×1050 erg s–1, the highest ever recorded for a blazar. In this Letter, we investigate the features of this exceptional event in the γ-ray band of the Fermi-LAT. In contrast to previous flares of the same source observed with the Fermi-LAT, clear spectral changes are observed during the flare.
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