Optical properties of cluster plasma

It is shown that unlike a gas plasma or an electron plasma in a metal, an ionized clustered material (“cluster plasma”) permits propagation below the plasma cut-off of electromagnetic (EM) waves whose phase velocity is close to but below the speed of light. Its unique properties allow a variety of applications, including direct acceleration of particles with its EM fields and the phase matching of waves of high harmonic generation (HHG). The particle-in-cell simulation demonstrates the new optical mode, the cluster mode.

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